2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题(2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第二套完整版）)

给四六级考生送福利啦！ 2017年6月大学英语六级考试（第二完整版）真题及答案，由外语教育网校教学人员精心整理和分析总结。希望对即将参加考试的考生有所帮助。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: 假设您被要求就大学主修科学还是人文提供建议，请写一篇文章来陈述您的意见。您需要写至少150 字但不超过200 字。

[参考样本]

大学主修理科还是人文学科？

在全社会越来越重视教育的今天，大学选择理科还是人文专业的问题不仅是学生关心的问题，也是家长关注的焦点。有些人认为深入研究科学是更好的选择，因为它给我们带来了更光明的未来；其他人可能持相反的观点，认为人类知识是人类品质的基础。

对我来说，这两种说法都有道理。但我认为，重要的不是哪个学科更好，最重要的是做出决定的人。换言之，我们不应该片面强调任何一个学科的优势，而应该多加考虑。相反，应该考虑学生本身、他们的兴趣和偏好、利弊。比如说，如果一个学生比较擅长人性，这是他真正的兴趣所在，那么他就应该致力于人性的研究。

主修理科还是人文学科对于每个学生来说都是一个至关重要的选择，因为它的结果对个人的职业发展和生活方式有着深远的影响。所以我们应该弄清楚自己真正关心的是什么，以免本末倒置。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: 在本部分中，您将听到两个长对话。在每次对话结束时，您可能会听到四个问题。对话和问题都只会说一次。听到问题后，您必须从标记为A)、B)、C) 和D) 的四个选项中选择最佳答案。然后在答卷1 上用一条穿过中心的线标记相应的字母。

问题1 至4 基于您刚刚听到的对话。

1. A) 做愉快的工作。 B) 拥有友善的同事。

C) 赚取有竞争力的薪水。 D) 为支持你的老板工作。

【答案】B

【分析】对于谈话中的第一项调查，该男子表示，影响人们工作幸福感的十大因素。并提到，对于大多数受访者来说，最重要的因素是拥有友好、支持的同事。事实上，73% 的受访者将与同事的关系视为工作幸福感的关键因素，这一比例很高。可见，友善的同事是让员工快乐的第一因素。所以选B。

2. A) 31%。 B）20%。

C)25%。 D) 73%。

【答案】B

【分析】谈话中，女子询问男子在调查过程中是否还发现其他信息。该男子在回答中提到“然而，20%的员工表示自己不快乐”，所以他选择了B。

3. A) 小尺寸的。 B) 由女性经营的。

C) 管理良好的。 D) 拥有大量熟练工人。

【答案】A

【分析】谈话中，该男子表示，调查得出了一些比较有趣的结论：首先，小公司好，人们更明显倾向于在规模较小的组织或不超过100人的公司工作。由此可见，规模较小的公司更受员工欢迎。故选A。

4. A) 他们可以轻松地从一个工作跳到另一个工作。

B) 他们的工作能够赢得认可。

C）他们可以更好地平衡工作和生活。

D) 他们可以承担不止一份工作。

【答案】C

【分析】谈话中，该男子表示，每天只工作4、5个小时的兼职合同工比全职工作的人更快乐。后来提到，调查得出的结论是，这种现象可能是由于兼职合同工的工作与生活平衡较好所致。所以选择C。

问题5 至8 基于您刚刚听到的对话。

5. A) 这是一本欧洲历史书。 B) 这是对音乐的介绍。

C）这是关于布鲁日市的。 D）这是一组照片。

【答案】D

【分析】谈话开始于女人询问男人他最初是如何对这个话题感兴趣的。该男子在回答中提到，对危险逼近的恐惧成为了这次大型拍摄项目的一个主题。由此可以推断，《洪水来了》是一本摄影集。所以选D。

6. A) 粉刷布鲁日音乐厅时。

B) 在意大利沿海城市度假时。

C) 为音乐会目录拍照时。

D）在写比利时沿海地区时。

【答案】C

【分析】在回答女士的问题（他最初是如何对这个话题感兴趣的）时，男士提到，“2006年，布鲁日音乐厅请我为新的音乐节画册拍摄一些照片。以水为主题的照片”。由此可见，该男子是在为音乐节目录拍照时想到了这件作品的主题。所以选择C。

7. A) 整个欧洲海岸线将被淹没。

B)欧洲丰富的遗产将完全丧失。

C)欧洲海水将受到严重污染。

D)欧洲主要景点将消失。

【答案】A

【分析】该男子在谈话中提到，媒体报道中有大量关于即将到来的气候变化的警惕文章。而在谈话中，女人问男人是否可以对书中的原句说些什么：“我不想拍摄灾难，我想拍摄即将发生的灾难。”该男子回答说，现在很明显，整个欧洲海岸线被淹没只是时间问题。可见，当气候突然发生变化时，整个欧洲海岸线都会被淹没。故选A。

8. A) 其水道污染日益严重。

B)人们不使用船就无法出行。

C)吸引了大量的国内外游客。

D) 早上，游客通过木路到达酒店。

【答案】D

【解析】谈话中，男方在回答女方的问题（关于历史在这个项目中的作用）时，提到威尼斯是一座一直受到海水威胁的城市，每天早上都会建造一座木桥，让游客引至酒店。所以选D。

Section B

Directions: 在本节中，您将听到两个段落。在每段文章的结尾，你会听到三到四个问题。文章和问题都只会说一次。听到问题后，您必须从标记为A)、B)、C) 和D) 的四个选项中选择最佳答案。然后在答卷1 上用一条穿过中心的线标记相应的字母。

第9 至12 题是根据您刚刚听到的段落进行的。

9. A) 他们事先做了仔细的准备。

B）他们考虑了太多不相关的因素。

C) 他们花了太多的时间来预测自己的失败。

D) 他们努力避免出师不利。

【答案】C

9.【分析】该问题询问一些人在面对新情况时如何表现。听力材料开头提到，有些人面对新情况时，往往会花太多时间去预测最坏的结果，并预演自己的失败。其中，他们在选项C中的失败是听力材料中最差的。所以选择C。

10. A) 人的神经系统比想象的更复杂。

B) 高尔夫球手通常对自己有积极的心理印象。

C) 心理图像经常干扰运动员的表现。

D）思考对神经系统的影响与行动相同。

【答案】D

【解析】听力材料中提到，斯坦福大学的研究表明，心理图像对神经系统的刺激作用与动作对神经系统的刺激作用相同。稍后将举一个高尔夫球手的例子来说明这一点。所以选D。

11. A) 预测可能出现的问题。

B) 列出该做和不该做的事情。

C) 想象自己成功了。

D) 尽量显得更专业。

【答案】C

【解析】听力材料中提到一位女律师在开始第一次陪审团审判前非常紧张。演讲者给她的建议是请她创作一幅自信的图画。对她来说，这意味着在法庭上自信地走动，使用有说服力的肢体语言并发出声音，以便后门附近的长凳上的人都能听到。她还想象了一个巧妙的结案陈词和一场胜诉的审判。由此可以推断，演讲者对处于压力情况下的人们的建议是想象自己是成功的。所以选择C。

12. A) 她穿着一件名牌连衣裙。 B) 她赢得了第一次陪审团审判。

C) 她说话声音不够大。 D) 她展示了电影。

【答案】B

【解析】问题询问女律师在法庭上的表现。听力材料的最后提到，这位年轻的女律师经过几周自信的排练，确实赢得了她的第一次陪审团审判。所以选B。

第13 至15 题是根据您刚刚听到的段落进行的。

13. A) 其长期影响尚待证实。

B) 它的健康益处被高估了。

C）它可以帮助人们避免患乳腺癌。

D)它使糖尿病患者能够早日康复。

【答案】C

【解析】听力材料中提到，现在研究表明，在青少年饮食中添加纤维有助于降低患乳腺癌的风险。正如文章后面提到的，饮食专家克里斯蒂金发现很难让青少年患者注意健康饮食。他告诉青少年患者，多吃高纤维食物可以降低中年之前患乳腺癌的风险。因此，在青少年饮食中添加纤维有助于预防乳腺癌。所以选择C。

14. A) 重点关注他们成年初期的生活方式。

B) 它追踪了他们20 年食物偏好的变化。

C）它关注的是她们与男性在纤维摄入量上的差异。

D）它跟踪了他们从青春期开始的饮食习惯。

【答案】D

【分析】听力材料中提到，基于对44000名女性的研究，有一个新发现。该研究检查了他们高中时期的饮食习惯，并追踪了他们20 年的饮食习惯。这项研究追踪了44,000 名女性从青春期以来的饮食习惯。所以选D。

15. A) 纤维可能有助于减少体内的激素。

B) 纤维可能给女性带来比男性更多的好处。

C)纤维可以改善心肌功能。

D)纤维可以使血液循环更顺畅。

【答案】A

【分析】文章提到，一项针对44,000 名女性的研究显示了长期存在的证据，表明纤维可以降低雌激素的循环水平，这或许可以解释为什么纤维可以降低患乳腺癌的风险。从本质上讲，吃的纤维越多，体内的激素水平可能就越低，因此患乳腺癌的风险就越低。故选A。

Section C

Directions: 在本部分中，您将听到三段讲座或演讲的录音，然后是三到四个问题。录音只会播放一次。听到问题后，您必须从标记为A)、B)、C) 和D) 的四个选项中选择最佳答案。然后在答卷1 上用一条穿过中心的线标记相应的字母。

第16 至18 题是基于您刚刚听到的录音。

16. A) 观察营销的变化。

B) 对消费者行为进行研究。

C)研究青少年饮酒的危害。

D）调查媒体对政府的影响。

【答案】B

【解析】听力材料开头提到，演讲者目前的研究其实是关于消费者行为的。其中，文中提到的市场变化和年轻人饮酒等都是用来说明必须从消费者角度看待问题的例子。没有提及媒体对政府的影响。所以选B。

17. A) 这是许多街头骚乱的原因。

B) 情况一年比一年严重。

C）这是父母最关心的问题。

D）这是一种社交行为。

【答案】D

【分析】听力材料中提到，就青少年饮酒情况而言，可以确定的一件事是，对于18-24岁的青少年来说，饮酒与参与社交活动有关。文章还提到，目前年轻人饮酒问题是政府而不是父母关心的问题。所以选D。

18. A) 他们花了一周的时间研究自己的购买行为。

B)他们研究了手机对年轻人的影响。

C)他们分析了多年来的家庭预算。

D）他们对广告进行了彻底的研究。

【答案】A

【分析】听力材料中提到，演讲者的学生去年花了一周的时间研究自己的购买行为，并对从商店到与零售银行和手机提供商的关系等各个方面进行了详细分析。故选A。

第19 至22 题是基于您刚刚听到的录音。

19. A) 它正在帮助银行提高效率。

B)它正在努力消除脏钱。

C)它是世界上第一个使用信用卡的国家。

D) 很可能在不久的将来放弃纸币。

【答案】D

【分析】该问题询问我们通过聆听对瑞典了解多少。听力材料一开始就提到瑞典是第一个印刷和使用纸币的欧洲国家，但它可能很快就会不再使用纸币。 D选项符合题意。所以选D。

20. A) 是否可以不携带任何实物货币旅行。

B）是否可以预测一个人将要花多少钱。

C) 缺乏实物货币是否会导致人们花费更多。

D）实物货币的缺失是否会影响日常生活。

【答案】C

【分析】听力材料中提到，克莱尔贝莱塔想知道没有纸币是否真的会导致一个人花更多的钱，所以她决定在几个月前进行一个实验。所以选择C。

21. A) 火车上没有餐饮服务。

B）火车上的服务不好。

C) 餐车只接受现金。

D) 她手提包里的现金不见了。

【答案】C

【解析】听力材料中提到Claire Beretta在实验时乘坐了火车。途中，有公告告诉人们，餐车目前不接受信用卡付款。火车上有很多投诉，因为许多乘客没有携带现金出行。可见，火车上的餐车只接受现金支付。所以选择C。

22. A) 将钱放入信封。

B) 每周取钱。

C）通过限制他们的日常支出。

D）拒绝赊购任何东西。

【答案】A

【解析】听力材料中提到，贝雷塔说，她小时候，父母常常把钱装进信封里做预算。当他们拿到工资时，他们立即将现金分成信封，这样他们就知道自己每周有多少钱。故选A。

第23 至25 题是基于您刚刚听到的录音。

23. A) 人口爆炸。

B）长期饥饿。

C）稀有物种的灭绝。

D）环境恶化。

【答案】B

【解析】听力材料中提到说话者想告诉我们人类的过去，

现在和将来，并且用几个问题作为开场。第一个问题就是：现在有十亿人长期处于饥饿状态，这意味着他们醒来后感觉俄，一整天都感觉饿，睡觉的时候也感觉饿。故选B。 24. A) They contribute to overpopulation. B)About half of them are unintended. C)They have been brought under control. D)The majority of them tend to end halfway. 【答案】B 【解析】听力材料中提到，有2000—2500万不识字的女人在生育上没有得到她们想要的控制。这一问题不只在发展中国家有，全球有近五成的怀孕是出于意外。故选B。 25. A) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth. B)It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research. C)It is neglected in many of the developing countries. D)It is beginning to attract postgraduates’ attention. 【答案】A 【解析】听力材料中提到，人口统计学不仅关乎人类的种群，也关乎于非人类种群，还包括无生命的对象。它是一种干预真实世界更明智、更有效的方法。它不仅能够提高你自己的福祉，同样重要的是，它还能够提高你自己和周围的人以及与我们共享地球的其 他物种的福祉。由此可知，人口统计学对地球上所有物种来说都是必要的。故选A。 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no __26__ gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to __27__ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen __28__ in the last 5-6 years. Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. Yet like many college teachers around the U.S., the faculty remain __29__ that their work as educators can be measured by a “learning __30__” such as a graduate’s ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use __31__ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy. Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation. American universities, despite their global __33__ for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are __34__ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be __35__ measured, more people will seek higher education---and come out better thinkers. A) accurately B) confirm C) demanding D) doubtful E) drastically F) justify G) monopolized H) outcome I) predominance J) presuming K) reputation L) significant M) signify N) simultaneously O) standardized 26.【解析】L。空格前是形容词no,空格后是名词gains，所以此空应该填入一个形容词。根据句意，选项中只有significant符合句意。have made no significant gains意为“未能取得显著提升”。故选L。 27.【解析】F。空格前是不定式to，空格后是名词词组the high cost,所以此空应该填入一个动词原形。根据句意，动词原形中只有justify符合句意。故选F。 28.【解析】E。空格前是has fallen，空格后是时间状语in the last 5-6 years，本句是现在完成时且不缺句子成分，所以此空应该填入一个副词。根据句意，选项中只有drastically符合句意。故选E。 29.【解析】D。空格前是动词remain，空格后是that引导的表语从句，所以此空应该填入一个形容词。根据句意，选项中只有doubtful符合句意。故选D。 30.【解析】H。双引号前是不定冠词a，所以此空应填入一个名词。根据句意，选项中只有outcome符合句意。故选H。 31.【解析】O。空格前是动词use，空格后是名词metrics，所以此空应该填入一个形容词或名词。根据句意，选项中只有standardized符合句意。故选O。 32.【解析】B。空格前是副词mostly，空格后是名词词组earlier studies，由空格所在小分句开头的and以及本句主语the actual results可知，此空应该填入一个动词原形。根据句意，选项中只有confirm符合句意。故选B。 33.【解析】K。空格前是形容词global，空格后是介词调组for excellence in teaching，所以此空应该填入一个名词。根据句意，选项中只有reputation符合句意。故选K。 34.【解析】C。空格前是系动词are,空格后是名词词组advanced thinking skills,所以此空应该填入一个动词，构成现在进行时。根据句意，“基于知识的学位仍然很重要，但雇主要求大学毕业生具备较强的思维能力。” 选项中只有demanding (要求；查问）符合句意。demand from为固定搭配，意为“向 要求”。故选C。 35.【解析】A。空格前是系动词be，空格后是动词的被动语态measured，所以此空应该填入一个副词，以修饰measured。根据句意，选项中只有accurately符合句意。故选A。 Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2. The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon [A] Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long”. Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. [B] Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits. [C] Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices”. The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields---which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost----are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience, capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around. [D] Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand (especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale(页岩) oil, point to a “low for long” scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view. [E] Natural gas and coal—also fossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over- supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which bums half of the world’s coal. [F] Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal(地热). Even Africa and the Middle East, home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021. [G] Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks. [H] Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions. [I] The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks. [J] Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children’s Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El Nino(厄尔尼诺) weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nino events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climate change. [K] Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad participation to fully address the global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act. [L] The nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare, every country’s carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries. [M] Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it’s especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects. [N] Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral(附带的) costs. [O] The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks. 36. A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future. 37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 38. It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African children. 39. The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand. 40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technology. 41. If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases. 42. Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in today’s world. 43. Even major fossil exporting countries have great potential to develop renewable energies. 44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks for mankind. 45. It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil fuels to an appropriate level to lessen the catastrophic effects of climate change. 36.【解析】[D]。根据题干中的关键词A number of factors 和 driving down the global oil prices 可定位至[D]段第三、四句。 37.【解析】[L]。根据题干中的关键词Pricing carbon 和 the most economical way 可定位至[L]段第 二句。 38.【解析】[J]。根据题干中的关键词African children可定位至[J]段第二句。 39.【解析】[E]。根据题干中的关键词 over-supply and decreasing demand 可定位至[E]段最后一句。 40.【解析】[H]。根据题干中的关键词higher fossil fuel prices 以及 innovation and application of cleaner technology可定位至[H]段第二句。 41.【解析】[A]。根据题干中的关键词remain low for a long time 和 higher emissions of greenhouse gases可定位至[A]段第一、三句。 42.【解析】[G]。根据题干中的关键词primary energy consumption可定位至[G]段第二句。 43.【解析】[F]。根据题干中的关键词major fossil exporting countries 和 develop renewable energies可定位至[F]段第二句。 44.【解析】[O]。根据题干中的关鍵词not properly dealt with 和 pose endless risks 可定位至[O] 段最后一句。 45.【解析】 [B]。细节题。根据题干中的关键词urgent for governments, increase the cost 和 lessen the catastrophic effects可定位至[B]段第二句。 Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online. Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository(库), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects---but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data. But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them. Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic(利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers一those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I’d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.” Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on. 46. What do many researchers generally accept? A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents. B)Repositories are essential to scientific research. C)Open data sharing is most important to medical science. D)Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement. 【答案】D 【解析】由题干中的关键词many researchers, generally accept可定位至原文的第一段。D项中的is conducive to scientific advancement 对应原文的 accelerate science。因此选 D。 47. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public? A) Opposed. B) Ambiguous. C) Liberal. D) Neutral. 【答案】A 【解析】本题定位至原文第一段的最后：但是大部分研究人员仍不愿意将自己的劳动成果放在网上。此外，第二段的第二句说到， 科学家曾经给出许多反对共享的原因……。这充分说明大部分研究人员反对公开他们的数据。因此选A。 48. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing? A) The fear of massive copying. B)The lack of a research culture. C)The belief that research data is private intellectual property. D)The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it. 【答案】C 【解析】本题定位至原文的第三段。其中原文中的“将数据视为私人所有的研究文化”也就是“认为研究数据是private intellectual property的观点”，因此选C。 49. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing? A)The ever-growing demand for big data. B) The advancement of digital technology. C)The changing attitude of journals and funders. D) The trend of social and economic development. 【答案】C 【解析】由题干中的关键词barriers可定位至原文的第三段。该段指出，障碍正在消失，部分原因是全世界的杂志和资金资助机构正在鼓励科学家们将数据公开。……资金资助机构表明使用公共资金赞助的数据应该成为公共信息。这表明杂志和资助方的态度已经开始接受共享数据的观念，其态度发生了改变，因此选C。 50. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________. A)is becoming increasingly popular B) benefits sharers and users alike C)makes researchers successful D)saves both money and labor 【答案】B 【解析】由题干中的关键词Dryad可定位至倒数第二段。原文意思是使用者对公开的数据有疑问的，还可对这些数据提出问题，这样可以使分享者进一步完善数据。这说明，公开数据分享无论对于数据的分享者还是使用者，他们都能从中受益。因此选B。 Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories. The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. “About 80% of our company’s year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls(短缺) in cold-weather goods,” said chief executive Teny Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter. However, it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏离) off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer “voluntary separation” packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees. The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain’s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed. Macy’s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy’s Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T. J. Maxx. It’s also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy’s hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category. One relative bright spot for Macy’s during the holiday season was the online channel, where it rang up “double-digit” increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wilder retail industry during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend. 51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.? A)It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar. B)It is a direct result of the global economic recession. C)It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods. D)It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S. 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干中的关键调shrinking, spending, international tourists 可定位至第一段的第二句，因此选A。 52. What does Macy’s believe about its problems? A) They can be solved with better management. B) They cannot be attributed to weather only. C) They are not as serious in its online stores. D) They call for increased investments. 【答案】B 52.【解析】本题定位于第二段的第一句，因此选B。 53. In order to cut costs, Macy’s decided to ________. A) cut the salary of senior executives B) relocate some of its chain stores C) adjust its promotion strategies D) reduce the size of its staff 【答案】D 【解析】根据题干中的关键词cut costs可定位于第三段的第二句至该段的最后一句，因此选D。 54. Why does Macy’s plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016? A) To experiment on its new business concept. B) To focus more on beauty products than clothing. C) To promote sales of its products by lowering prices. D) To be more competitive in sales of beauty products. 【答案】D 【解析】根据题干中的关键词expand，Bluemercury, in 2016可定位至第五段的第三、四句，因此选D。 55. What can we learn about Macy’s during the holiday season? A) Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores. B)Its retail sales exceeded those of T. J. Maxx. C)It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide. D)It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise. 【答案】D 【解析】根据题干中的关键词holiday season可定位至最后一段。因此选D。 Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 宋朝始于960年，一直延续到1279年。这一时期，中国经济大幅增长，成为世界上最先进的经济体，科学、技术、哲学和数学蓬勃发展。宋代中国是世界历史上首先发行纸币的国家。宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字（movable-type）印刷。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热闹的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多样。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体制在当时也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。 【答案】The Song Dynasty started from 960 and lasted until 1279. During that period, China had witnessed a dramatic economic growth, making it the most advanced economy in the world. In the meantime, science, technology, philosophy and mathematics also experienced vigorous development. China back then was the first country to issue the paper money and also the earliest to use gunpowder and invent movable-type printing around the world. With burgeoning population, an increasing number of people flocked to cities where there were bustling entertainment outlets. People at that time enjoyed rich social life, gathering together to appreciate and trade precious artworks. The government system in Song Dynasty was also advanced, with all government officials selected and appointed through competitive examination.